|
|
| Lithium | |
| Electron Configuration | 2,1 |
| Electron Configuration | 1s2 2s1 |
| Ground state | 2S1/2 |
| Atomic Volume | 13.1 g/cm3 |
| Electronegativity | 0.98 |
| Magnetic ordering | Non-magnetic |
| Mass magnetic susceptibility | 6.3 x 10-9 |
| Molar magnetic susceptibility | 4.37 x 10-11 |
| Speed of sound | 6000 m s-1 |
 Thermal Properties |
|
| Enthalpy of Atomization | 160.7 kJ mol-1 @25°C |
| Enthalpy of Fusion | 4.50 kJ mol-1 |
| Enthalpy of Vaporisation | 147.7 kJ mol-1 |
| Heat Capacity | 24.860 J mol-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Conductivity | 84.8 W m-1 K-1 |
| Thermal Expansion | 46 μm m-1 K-1 |
| Hardness |
|
| Mohs hardness | 0.6 |
| Elastic Properties |
|
| Bulk modulus | 11 GPa |
| Shear modulus | 4.2 GPa |
| Young's modulus | 4.9 GPa |
| Electrical Properties |
|
| Electrical resistivity | 9.4 x 10-8 Ω m |
| Electrical conductivity | No data. |
| Chemical Properties |
|
| Electrochemical Equivalent | 0.259 g Ah-1 |
| Electron Work Function | 2.9 eV |
| Valence Electron Potential (-eV) | 19 |
| Ionization Potential | |
 First
|
5.392 |
| Second
|
76.638 |
| Third
|
122.451 |
| Incompatibilities | Water, acids, oxidizing agents. |
| Flammability |
|
| Flammable solid
|
| Energy Levels |
|
| Kα1 (intensity 100) |
0.0543 KeV |
| Atomic Radii |
|
| Empirical
|
145 pm |
| Bohr Radius
|
167 pm |
| Covalent Radius
|
134 pm |
| Van der Waals
|
182 pm |
| Triple covalent
|
No data. |
| Metallic
|
152 pm |
| Ionic Radii (Å) |
||||
| Charge | Coordination | Crystal | Ionic | Key |
| 1 | IV | 0.73 | 0.59 | * |
| VI | 0.9 | 0.76 | * | |
| VIII | 1.06 | 0.92 | C | |
| R, From r3 vs V plots. |
| C, Calculated from bond length - bond strength equations. |
| E, Estimated. |
| *, Most Reliable. |
| M, From Metallic Oxides. |
| A, Ahrens (1952) Ionic radius. |
| P, Pauling's (1960) Crystal Radius. |
| Oxidation States |
|
| Main
|
Li+1 |
| Other
|
Li-1 (in liquid NH3) |
Ionisation Energies (kJ mol-1)  |
|
| M - M+ |
513.3 |
| M+ - M2+ |
7298.0 |
| M2+ - M3+ |
11814.8 |
| Vapour Pressure |
||||||
| P (Pa) | 1 | 10 | 100 | 1K | 10K | 100K |
| T (K) | 797 | 885 | 995 | 1144 | 1337 | 1610 |
| Crystal Structure |
|
| Structure
|
Body centred cubic |
 |
a = 351 pm |
| b = 351 pm | |
| c = 351 pm | |
| α = 90° | |
| β = 90° | |
| γ = 90° | |